1. When Althusser begins his section titled "Ideology Interpellates Individuals as Subjects" he writes that "the category of the subject... is the constitutive category of all ideology, whatever its determination (regional or class) and whatever its historical date - since ideology has no history." Is this lack of history meant to emphasize the materiality from which ideology arises? That it has no independent history which imposes itself onto the subject?
2. Marx & Engels end the section on "Ruling Class and Ruling Ideas" by writing that each new ruling class "is compelled, merely in order to carry through its aim, to represent its interest as the common interest of all members of society." I wonder if this presentation of ruling interests as universal rings true. To use Althusser's formulation, can control of certain Ideological State Apparatuses can be sufficient for the ruling class to "carry through its aim" without having to appeal to universality?
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